Autologous T cells are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor with an anti-GPC3 scFv, 4-1BB/CD28 costimulatory domains, and CD3ζ, enabling MHC-independent recognition and killing of GPC3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells via cytotoxic granule release and cytokine secretion. Added immune microenvironment–activating elements are intended to enhance CAR-T activation, expansion, and recruitment/activation of bystander immune cells to overcome the suppressive HCC tumor microenvironment; delivery via hepatic arterial infusion increases exposure to liver tumors.