Autologous dendritic cells are generated ex vivo and pulsed with patient-specific tumor neoantigen peptides. After infusion, the DCs migrate to lymphoid tissues and present these neoantigens on HLA class I and II, providing costimulation (e.g., CD80/CD86) and cytokines to prime and expand neoantigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, thereby promoting tumor-specific immune responses and immunologic memory.