Autologous T cells engineered to express a CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor recognize CD19 on malignant B cells, triggering T‑cell activation, in vivo expansion, and cytotoxic killing via perforin/granzyme and cytokine release. Metabolic enhancements are incorporated to improve T‑cell fitness, persistence, and function within the tumor microenvironment, increasing antitumor durability.