Autologous T cells are engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor that binds BCMA (TNFRSF17) on plasma cells, enabling MHC-independent recognition. Antigen engagement triggers CAR signaling (CD3ζ with costimulatory domains such as CD28 or 4‑1BB), leading to T‑cell activation, proliferation, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme‑mediated cytotoxic killing of BCMA‑expressing malignant plasma cells (e.g., multiple myeloma).