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drug_type
RELEVANT_DRUG
intervention_type
Cellular therapy (CAR T-cell therapy)
drug_description
Autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (Tecartus) that targets CD19-positive B-ALL blasts and eliminates them via CAR-mediated activation and cytotoxic effector mechanisms.
nci_thesaurus_concept_id
C170439
nci_thesaurus_preferred_term
Brexucabtagene Autoleucel
nci_thesaurus_definition
A preparation of autologous peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBTL) that have been transduced with a retroviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of an anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment (scFv) coupled to the costimulatory signaling domain CD28 and the zeta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex (CD3 zeta), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous infusion and re-introduction of abrexucabtagene autoleucel into the patient, these cells bind to and induce selective toxicity in CD19-expressing tumor cells. CD19 antigen is a B-cell specific cell surface antigen that is expressed in all B-cell lineage malignancies. CD3 zeta is one of several membrane-bound polypeptides found in the TCR/CD3 complex; it regulates both the assembly and cell surface expression of TCR complexes. CD28 is essential for CD4+ T-cell proliferation, interleukin-2 production, and T-helper type-2 (Th2) development. KTE-X19 has the same construct as axicabtagene ciloleucel, but differs in the manufacturing process in that KTE-X19 includes specific T-cell selection and lymphocyte enrichment necessary for activity against certain B-cell malignancies.
drug_mesh_term
Brexucabtagene Autoleucel
drug_category
CAR T
drug_class
Cellular Therapy
drug_delivery_route
Intravenous
drug_mechanism_of_action
Autologous T cells are retrovirally engineered to express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor with a CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3 zeta signaling domain; upon binding CD19 on malignant B cells, the CAR T cells activate, proliferate, release cytokines, and mediate perforin/granzyme-dependent cytotoxicity to eliminate CD19-positive leukemia cells.
drug_name
Brexucabtagene autoleucel
nct_id_drug_ref
NCT05993949