IMM2520 binds PD-L1 with an IgG1 Fc, opsonizing PD-L1+ cells for Fc gamma receptor–mediated ADCC by NK cells and ADCP/phagocytosis by macrophages; simultaneous CD47 blockade removes the don’t-eat-me signal, further enhancing macrophage-mediated killing. (PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also restores CTL activity, an indirect effect.)