eligibility_summary
Eligibility: Adults (≥18) able to consent. GBM cohort: WHO 2021 GBM diagnosis confirmed by San Raffaele histopathology. Healthy cohort: good general health by history. Exclusions: inability to consent or pregnancy, acute infection, hematologic abnormalities (leukocytes<3,000/μl, lymphocytes<500/μl, neutrophils<1,000/μl, hemoglobin<9 g/100 ml, thrombocytes<100,000/μl), immune deficiency, autoimmune disease, HIV+ or HBsAg+.
trial_source
clinical_trials.gov from Dec 2, 2025
annotation_status
ai
ai_summary
Trial: observational, optimizing in‑vitro generation of Cytokine‑Induced Killer (CIK) cells from GBM patients. Interventions tested in vitro: CIK expansion with IFN‑γ (cytokine), anti‑CD3/OKT3 (monoclonal antibody), and IL‑2 (cytokine), with/without hemoderivatives (human serum, platelet lysate). Assesses impact of concurrent therapies: dexamethasone (glucocorticoid steroid) and temozolomide (alkylating chemotherapy) on CIK viability/function. Mechanisms: CIKs are CD3+CD56+ T‑NK hybrid cell therapy mediating HLA‑independent cytotoxicity primarily via NK‑activating receptors (notably NKG2D) and degranulation. The study probes GBM immune‑escape pathways that blunt NKG2D‑mediated killing, and evaluates steroid‑mediated immunosuppression/lymphotoxicity (glucocorticoid receptor) and temozolomide DNA alkylation toxicity to T‑lineage cells. No patient infusion, all testing is ex vivo.