eligibility_summary
Eligible: Adults (≥18) with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (any histology) whose disease did not progress (SD/PR/CR) after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and who received avelumab first-line maintenance, started between 24 Feb 2021 and up to 6 months before site study launch. Other protocol criteria may apply. Exclude: participation in a la/m UC clinical trial during the study period.
trial_source
clinical_trials.gov from Dec 2, 2025
annotation_status
ai
ai_summary
Intervention: Avelumab—an immune checkpoint inhibitor, human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against PD-L1—used as first-line maintenance after platinum-based chemotherapy for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Mechanism of action: binds PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells, blocking PD-L1 interactions with PD-1 and B7.1 to restore T-cell activation and antitumor immunity, its Fc-competent IgG1 can trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via NK cells. Targets/cells/pathways: PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway, PD-L1 on tumor cells and antigen-presenting/myeloid cells, reactivation of CD8+ T cells and engagement of NK cell cytotoxicity. Study design: multicenter, retrospective, observational chart review in Japan describing real-world avelumab maintenance use and outcomes.