NCT06720701 is an observational, single-center study in Italy enrolling adults with relapsed/refractory Non-Hodgkin lymphoma receiving standard-of-care CAR-T cell therapy. No experimental drug is tested. Intervention: Autologous CAR-T cells (gene-modified T-cell immunotherapy). Mechanism: Patient T cells are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes lymphoma antigens (commonly B-cell antigens such as CD19) independently of MHC, triggering T-cell activation via CD3ζ and costimulatory domains (e.g., CD28/4‑1BB) to kill malignant cells. Targets: Malignant B cells in NHL, key immune pathways include CAR signaling and downstream cytokine/immune activation pathways associated with response and toxicity (e.g., CRS/ICANS). The study builds prognostic models for response/toxicity using tissue and clinical data over 1 year.