eligibility_summary
Eligible adults (>=18) with ECOG 0-2 and path-confirmed stage IV urothelial carcinoma (any PD-L1), treated with 4-6 cycles of cisplatin or carboplatin without progression, and on avelumab maintenance (1L) or pembrolizumab (2L). Must have accessible medical records and provide informed consent. Excludes other active cancers, except cured NMSC, low-risk prostate, T1/2 glottic, stage 0/I breast, non-invasive bladder, or in situ cervical cancer.
trial_source
clinical_trials.gov from Dec 2, 2025
annotation_status
ai
ai_summary
Trial type: Multicenter retro‑prospective observational study in advanced urothelial cancer after platinum chemo. Interventions/drugs: • Avelumab (first‑line maintenance) – human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD‑L1. Mechanism: blocks PD‑L1 engagement of PD‑1 to restore antitumor T‑cell activity, intact IgG1 Fc can mediate ADCC, potentially recruiting NK cells against PD‑L1–expressing tumor cells. • Pembrolizumab (second‑line) – humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD‑1. Mechanism: blocks PD‑1 on T cells from binding PD‑L1/PD‑L2, preventing inhibitory signaling and reinvigorating cytotoxic T cells. Cells/pathways targeted: PD‑1/PD‑L1 checkpoint axis, CD8+ T‑cell activation, PD‑L1 on tumor cells and antigen‑presenting cells, NK cell–mediated ADCC (avelumab).