Anti-CLDN18.2 antibody–drug conjugate that binds claudin 18.2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a cytotoxic payload to selectively kill CLDN18.2-positive cells.
An anti-CLDN18.2 IgG1 antibody linked via a cleavable linker to a topoisomerase I inhibitor; after binding CLDN18.2 on tumor cells, the ADC is internalized and the payload is released to inhibit topoisomerase I, blocking DNA replication and inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in CLDN18.2-positive cells.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC binds CLDN18.2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes DNA damage and apoptosis in CLDN18.2-positive cells; topoisomerase I expression alone is not the targeting determinant.
Autologous BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy; engineered T cells target and kill BCMA-positive malignant plasma cells.
Autologous T cells engineered with a BCMA-directed chimeric antigen receptor recognize BCMA on malignant plasma cells and, upon antigen engagement, activate T‑cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme release and cytokine signaling) to kill BCMA‑positive cells and mediate tumor clearance.
YES
DIRECT
BCMA-directed CAR T cells bind BCMA on target cells and induce T‑cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis and related apoptotic signaling) to kill BCMA-positive cells.
A humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that binds HER2 domain IV, inhibits signaling, and mediates ADCC.
Humanized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 that binds domain IV on the HER2 receptor, inhibiting HER2-driven signaling (e.g., PI3K/AKT/MAPK) and preventing receptor activation/shed extracellular domain; its Fc engages immune effector cells via Fcγ receptors to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HER2-overexpressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Trastuzumab binds HER2 on target cells and its Fc engages FcγR-bearing immune cells (e.g., NK cells) to mediate antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), killing HER2+ cells; it may also trigger complement and inhibit survival signaling.
Claudin18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate; binds CLDN18.2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a microtubule-disrupting cytotoxic payload causing tumor cell death.
Anti-CLDN18.2 monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to the microtubule-disrupting payload MMAE. After binding CLDN18.2 on tumor cells and internalization, MMAE is released to inhibit tubulin polymerization, inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CLDN18.2-expressing cells; the antibody may also engage immune effector functions.
YES
DIRECT
ADC binds CLDN18.2, is internalized, and releases MMAE to inhibit tubulin polymerization, causing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CLDN18.2-positive cells; Fc-mediated ADCC may also contribute.