Gene-modified natural killer cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting CD19 to deplete CD19+ B-lineage cells in refractory SLE.
Adoptive infusion of natural killer cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor specific for CD19 enables MHC-independent recognition of CD19 on B-lineage cells, triggering NK activation and cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme and cytokines) to selectively deplete CD19+ B cells and plasmablasts, thereby reducing autoantibody production and B cell–driven inflammation in refractory SLE.
YES
DIRECT
CAR-engineered NK cells recognize CD19 and kill target cells via NK degranulation (perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis).
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in which a patient’s tumor-resident T cells are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to mediate TCR-dependent cytotoxicity and cytokine release against tumor/HPV antigens, aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded ex vivo are reinfused to recognize tumor/HPV antigens via native TCRs and mediate antitumor effects through cytotoxic killing (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release (e.g., IFN-γ), aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
YES
DIRECT
Patient-derived TILs recognize HPV E6 peptide presented on HLA via native TCR and directly kill target cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas/FasL, cytokine-mediated effects).
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in which a patient’s tumor-resident T cells are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to mediate TCR-dependent cytotoxicity and cytokine release against tumor/HPV antigens, aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded ex vivo are reinfused to recognize tumor/HPV antigens via native TCRs and mediate antitumor effects through cytotoxic killing (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release (e.g., IFN-γ), aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
YES
DIRECT
Autologous TILs recognize HPV E7-derived peptide presented on MHC via native TCRs and directly kill target cells through perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis (and Fas/FasL), with supportive cytokine release.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in which a patient’s tumor-resident T cells are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to mediate TCR-dependent cytotoxicity and cytokine release against tumor/HPV antigens, aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded ex vivo are reinfused to recognize tumor/HPV antigens via native TCRs and mediate antitumor effects through cytotoxic killing (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release (e.g., IFN-γ), aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
YES
DIRECT
Infused TILs recognize neoantigen peptide–MHC via native TCRs and kill target cells through perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis (with supportive cytokine effects).
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in which a patient’s tumor-resident T cells are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to mediate TCR-dependent cytotoxicity and cytokine release against tumor/HPV antigens, aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded ex vivo are reinfused to recognize tumor/HPV antigens via native TCRs and mediate antitumor effects through cytotoxic killing (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release (e.g., IFN-γ), aiming to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppression.
YES
DIRECT
Adoptively transferred TILs recognize tumor-associated self-antigen peptides presented on MHC via native TCRs and directly kill target cells through perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL apoptosis), with cytokine support.