A subcutaneous, humanized BCMA×CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody (T‑cell–redirecting immunotherapy; brand name Elrexfio) that binds BCMA on plasma cells and CD3 on T cells to form an immune synapse, activate TCR/CD3 signaling, induce cytokine release, and mediate perforin/granzyme cytotoxic killing of BCMA+ plasma cells.
Humanized bispecific antibody that binds BCMA on plasma cells and CD3 on T cells, bringing them into proximity to form an immune synapse. This activates TCR/CD3 signaling, triggers T‑cell activation and cytokine release, and induces perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of BCMA-positive plasma cells.
YES
DIRECT
Elranatamab bridges CD3 on T cells to BCMA on target cells, activates TCR signaling, forms an immune synapse, and induces perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of BCMA+ cells.
A subcutaneous, humanized BCMA×CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody (T‑cell–redirecting immunotherapy; brand name Elrexfio) that binds BCMA on plasma cells and CD3 on T cells to form an immune synapse, activate TCR/CD3 signaling, induce cytokine release, and mediate perforin/granzyme cytotoxic killing of BCMA+ plasma cells.
Humanized bispecific antibody that binds BCMA on plasma cells and CD3 on T cells, bringing them into proximity to form an immune synapse. This activates TCR/CD3 signaling, triggers T‑cell activation and cytokine release, and induces perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of BCMA-positive plasma cells.
NO
INDIRECT
Elranatamab binds CD3 on T cells to activate and redirect them to kill BCMA+ plasma cells via immune synapse formation and perforin/granzyme release; CD3+ T cells are effectors, not targets.
Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (axi-cel). Patient T cells are engineered to express a CD19-targeted CAR with CD28 costimulatory and CD3ζ signaling domains; given once at 2.0×10^6 CAR+ cells/kg as consolidation in high-risk large B-cell lymphoma.
Autologous T cells are genetically engineered to express a CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor containing a CD28 costimulatory and CD3ζ signaling domain. Upon binding CD19 on B-cell malignancies, the CAR T cells activate, proliferate, and mediate cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme and cytokine-dependent killing), leading to elimination of CD19+ tumor cells and on-target B-cell aplasia.
YES
DIRECT
CD19-directed CAR T cells bind CD19 and, upon activation, directly kill CD19+ cells via T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme release and cytokine-mediated apoptosis).
A humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets CD47 to block the “don’t‑eat‑me” signal, enhancing macrophage SIRPα‑mediated phagocytosis of AML/MDS cells.
Humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds CD47 on tumor cells and blocks the CD47–SIRPα interaction, removing the macrophage 'don’t‑eat‑me' signal to restore phagocytosis; this promotes calreticulin-mediated pro‑phagocytic signaling and can secondarily enhance anti‑tumor T‑cell responses.
YES
INDIRECT
Blocks CD47–SIRPα “don’t‑eat‑me” signaling, enabling macrophage antibody‑dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of CD47+ cells; can also secondarily augment anti‑tumor T‑cell responses.
Therapeutic cancer vaccine that is a glycoconjugate linking the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo H to the carrier protein CRM197; designed to induce strong anti–Globo H humoral and cellular immunity against Globo H–expressing tumor cells.
OBI-833 is a glycoconjugate therapeutic cancer vaccine linking the Globo H tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen to the carrier protein CRM197. With adjuvant support (e.g., OBI-821), it induces strong anti–Globo H humoral and helper T-cell responses; elicited antibodies mediate immune effector functions (e.g., complement activation and ADCC) against Globo H–expressing tumor cells, reducing tumor growth.
YES
INDIRECT
Vaccine induces anti-Globo H antibodies that bind Globo H on tumor cells and trigger complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); vaccine-elicited T-cell responses may also contribute.