Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on B-lineage ALL blasts, redirecting T-cell cytotoxicity and inducing cytokine release; given by continuous infusion.
Single-chain bispecific antibody (BiTE) that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B-lineage cells, physically bringing them together to form an immunologic synapse and redirect T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme) against CD19+ blasts, with associated cytokine release; active independent of MHC.
Blinatumomab links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on target cells, forming an immunologic synapse and inducing T cell perforin/granzyme-mediated killing (MHC-independent).
Gene-modified natural killer (NK) cells engineered to express an NKG2D-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that recognizes NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB, ULBP family) on tumor cells, activating NK cytotoxicity for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Gene‑modified NK cells expressing an NKG2D‑based CAR recognize stress‑induced NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB, ULBP family) on tumor cells. CAR signaling activates NK cytotoxic functions, inducing degranulation (perforin/granzyme), cytokine‑mediated killing, and apoptosis of malignant cells, targeting relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
NKG2D-CAR NK cells bind ULBP1 on target cells, activating CAR signaling and NK cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme release and apoptosis), directly killing the target cells.
A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 to restore T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity.
Avelumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 that blocks PD-L1–PD-1 interaction, inhibiting checkpoint signaling to restore T-cell–mediated antitumor activity; its Fc region can also induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against PD-L1–expressing cells.
Avelumab binds PD-L1 on target cells and its IgG1 Fc engages Fc receptors (e.g., CD16) on NK cells to trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, killing PD-L1–expressing cells; it also restores T-cell killing via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (indirect).
Bispecific T‑cell engager (BiTE) antibody that links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on B‑cell blasts to drive T‑cell–mediated cytotoxicity.
Bispecific T‑cell engager (BiTE) antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B‑cell blasts, bringing them into close proximity to activate T cells and induce cytotoxic killing of CD19+ B cells.
Blinatumomab links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on target cells, activating T cells to form an immune synapse and kill CD19+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.