A bispecific T-cell–engaging monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells to redirect and activate T cells for targeted killing of malignant B cells.
Humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody that simultaneously binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, crosslinking and redirecting T cells to CD20+ malignant B cells to induce T-cell activation, immune synapse formation, cytokine release, and targeted cytotoxic lysis of the tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Mosunetuzumab bridges CD20 on B cells to CD3 on T cells, forming an immune synapse and activating T cells to kill CD20+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
A bispecific T-cell–engaging monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells to redirect and activate T cells for targeted killing of malignant B cells.
Humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody that simultaneously binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, crosslinking and redirecting T cells to CD20+ malignant B cells to induce T-cell activation, immune synapse formation, cytokine release, and targeted cytotoxic lysis of the tumor cells.
NO
INDIRECT
Mosunetuzumab engages CD3 on T cells to activate and redirect them to kill CD20+ B cells via immune synapse formation and perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis; CD3+ T cells are not the cytotoxic target.
Humanized anti-EGFR IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds EGFR, blocks ligand-induced signaling (e.g., RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK; PI3K–AKT), reduces proliferation/survival, may mediate ADCC, and can enhance radiosensitization.
Humanized anti-EGFR IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds the extracellular domain of EGFR, blocks ligand-induced receptor activation and downstream signaling (RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK; PI3K–AKT), reducing tumor cell proliferation and survival; may also mediate Fc-dependent ADCC and enhance radiosensitization.
YES
DIRECT
EGFR binding opsonizes tumor cells, engaging Fcγ receptor–bearing effector cells (e.g., NK cells) to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); signaling blockade is mainly cytostatic, but ADCC provides direct immune-mediated killing.
Personalized, bacteria-based oral DNA vaccine encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigen epitopes; delivers plasmid DNA to gut-associated APCs for MHC I/II presentation, priming CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses.
Personalized oral DNA vaccine using an attenuated Salmonella Ty21a bacterial vector to deliver eukaryotic plasmids encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigens to gut-associated antigen-presenting cells. In vivo expression and processing of neoantigens enables MHC I/II presentation, priming CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T-cell responses against neoantigen-expressing tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells that recognize MHC I–presented neoantigen peptides on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL apoptosis).
Personalized, bacteria-based oral DNA vaccine encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigen epitopes; delivers plasmid DNA to gut-associated APCs for MHC I/II presentation, priming CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses.
Personalized oral DNA vaccine using an attenuated Salmonella Ty21a bacterial vector to deliver eukaryotic plasmids encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigens to gut-associated antigen-presenting cells. In vivo expression and processing of neoantigens enables MHC I/II presentation, priming CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T-cell responses against neoantigen-expressing tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes neoantigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (with CD4+ T-cell help). CTLs recognize neoantigen peptides on MHC I of tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme or Fas–FasL; CD4 T cells may also kill MHC II–positive tumor cells.