Investigational TROP-2–directed antibody–drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I payload.
TROP‑2–targeted monoclonal antibody delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to TROP‑2–expressing tumor cells. After binding and internalization, linker cleavage releases the topo I inhibitor, causing DNA damage (single‑strand breaks) and tumor cell death, with potential bystander effect depending on linker permeability.
NO
INDIRECT
ESG401 targets TROP-2, not DNA topoisomerase I expression. After TROP-2 binding and internalization, it releases a topo I inhibitor that causes DNA damage and kills TROP-2–positive cells (with possible bystander effect).
Nectin-4–directed monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to the microtubule inhibitor MMAE (vedotin). After binding Nectin-4 and internalization, the linker is cleaved to release MMAE, which inhibits tubulin polymerization, causing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
ADC binds Nectin-4, is internalized, and releases MMAE, which inhibits tubulin polymerization causing G2/M arrest and apoptosis of Nectin-4–expressing cells.
Nectin-4–directed monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to the microtubule inhibitor MMAE (vedotin). After binding Nectin-4 and internalization, the linker is cleaved to release MMAE, which inhibits tubulin polymerization, causing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing tumor cells.
NO
INDIRECT
Enfortumab vedotin targets Nectin-4 on the cell surface, is internalized, and releases MMAE that inhibits beta-tubulin polymerization, causing mitotic arrest and apoptosis; beta-tubulin expression alone does not select cells for killing.
Intravenous broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting conserved HIV-1 Env epitopes; blocks viral entry and enables Fc-mediated clearance of infected cells.
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting conserved HIV-1 envelope epitopes; blocks Env-mediated attachment/fusion to prevent viral entry and leverages Fc-mediated effector functions (e.g., ADCC/ADCP) to help clear virus and infected cells.
YES
DIRECT
The antibody binds Env on infected cells and engages FcγR-bearing effectors to trigger ADCC (NK cells) and ADCP (macrophages; ± complement), killing Env-expressing cells.
Intravenous broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting conserved HIV-1 Env epitopes; blocks viral entry and enables Fc-mediated clearance of infected cells.
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody that binds conserved epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein, neutralizing virus by blocking attachment/fusion and entry into CD4+ T cells; Fc region can mediate effector functions (e.g., ADCC/ADCP/complement) to promote clearance of infected cells and virions.
YES
DIRECT
Antibody binds Env (V3 glycan supersite) on HIV‑infected cells and engages Fc receptors/complement to trigger ADCC, ADCP, and CDC, resulting in lysis or phagocytic clearance of Env-positive cells.