A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds PD-L1 to block interaction with PD-1, enhancing antitumor T‑cell responses.
Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds PD-L1, blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interaction to release T-cell inhibition and restore antitumor activity; Fc engagement can induce ADCC against PD-L1-expressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Avelumab binds PD-L1 on target cells and its IgG1 Fc engages Fcγ receptor–bearing effector cells (e.g., NK cells, macrophages) to trigger ADCC/ADCP, killing PD-L1–expressing cells; PD-L1/PD-1 blockade also indirectly restores CTL-mediated killing.
Autologous BCMA-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Patient T cells are gene-modified to express a CAR targeting BCMA (TNFRSF17) and, upon binding, kill BCMA-positive plasma cells to reduce pathogenic autoantibodies in SLE. Administered by IV infusion.
Autologous T cells are gene-modified to express a BCMA (TNFRSF17)-targeting chimeric antigen receptor. Upon engaging BCMA on plasma cells/late B cells, the CAR T cells become activated and kill these BCMA-positive cells, depleting autoantibody-secreting plasma cells and reducing pathogenic autoantibodies in SLE.
YES
DIRECT
BCMA-directed CAR T cells bind BCMA on target cells and directly lyse them via T-cell cytotoxic pathways (perforin/granzyme release and death-receptor signaling).
An intravenous anti-CD19 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload via a cleavable linker; after CD19 binding and internalization, it releases the payload to induce DNA interstrand cross-links, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in malignant B cells.
Humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload; upon CD19 binding and internalization in malignant B cells, the payload is released to create DNA interstrand cross-links in the minor groove, inhibiting DNA replication and triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
The anti-CD19 ADC binds CD19, is internalized, and releases a PBD dimer that creates DNA interstrand cross-links, inhibiting replication and inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in the target cell.
An intravenous anti-CD19 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload via a cleavable linker; after CD19 binding and internalization, it releases the payload to induce DNA interstrand cross-links, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in malignant B cells.
Humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload; upon CD19 binding and internalization in malignant B cells, the payload is released to create DNA interstrand cross-links in the minor groove, inhibiting DNA replication and triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC binds CD19 on B cells, is internalized, and releases a PBD payload that cross-links DNA at guanine N2 in the minor groove, causing replication arrest and apoptosis. The DNA minor groove is the intracellular site of action, not the delivery target; cells aren’t killed merely for having it.
Also known as JSP191; a humanized monoclonal antibody administered subcutaneously that binds c-Kit (CD117), blocks SCF/c-Kit signaling, and depletes or inhibits c-Kit–expressing cells (especially mast cells) to reduce mast-cell numbers/activation and mediator release in CSU.
Humanized monoclonal antibody targeting c-Kit (CD117) that blocks stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit signaling, leading to inhibition and depletion of c‑Kit–expressing cells (notably mast cells), thereby reducing mast-cell activation and mediator release; can also deplete hematopoietic stem cells.
YES
INDIRECT
Blocks SCF–KIT signaling, withdrawing survival/proliferation signals and leading to apoptosis/depletion of KIT-expressing cells (e.g., HSCs, mast cells); no cytotoxic payload or T‑cell engagement.