Cetuximab (C225) is a chimeric IgG1 anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that blocks ligand binding and EGFR activation/dimerization, promotes receptor internalization, inhibits downstream RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK and PI3K–AKT signaling, and mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody against EGFR that binds the extracellular domain to block ligand binding and receptor activation/dimerization, promotes receptor internalization, inhibits downstream RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK and PI3K–AKT signaling, and mediates Fc-dependent ADCC against EGFR-expressing tumor cells (most effective in RAS wild-type disease).
YES
DIRECT
Cetuximab binds EGFR and its IgG1 Fc engages Fcγ receptors on immune effectors to mediate ADCC (and some CDC), killing EGFR-expressing cells; EGFR blockade can also promote apoptosis.
Autologous, fully human anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy engineered to target and deplete CD19+ B cells to reduce pathogenic autoantibodies; administered after lymphodepletion.
Autologous T cells engineered to express an anti-CD19 CAR (human scFv with CD8alpha hinge/transmembrane, CD28 costimulatory and CD3zeta signaling domains) that recognize CD19 and kill B-lineage cells, depleting pathogenic CD19+ B cells/plasmablasts and reducing autoantibody production.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR-T cells bind CD19 on target cells and directly induce cytolysis via T-cell effector mechanisms (perforin/granzyme release and death receptor–mediated apoptosis).
Autologous gene-modified T cells engineered to express an anti-CD7 chimeric antigen receptor with costimulatory and CD3ζ signaling domains; administered as a single infusion to redirect T-cell cytotoxicity against CD7+ malignant T cells in r/r T-ALL/T-LBL.
Autologous T cells genetically engineered to express a CD7-specific chimeric antigen receptor with costimulatory and CD3z signaling domains. CAR engagement of CD7 on malignant T cells activates the engineered T cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and kill CD7+ targets via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity in r/r T-ALL/T-LBL.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD7 CAR T cells recognize CD7 on target cells and kill them via immune-synapse–mediated perforin/granzyme cytotoxicity leading to apoptosis.
Gorilla adenoviral therapeutic cancer vaccine inducing HPV16/18-specific T-cell responses against E6/E7 antigens.
Replication-deficient gorilla adenoviral vector delivers HPV16/18 E6/E7 genes for in vivo antigen expression and presentation, inducing HPV16/18-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell and CD4+ helper responses (and antibodies) that target and lyse E6/E7-expressing tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
Vaccine primes HPV16 E6–specific CD8+ T cells that recognize E6 peptides on MHC I of tumor cells and kill them via CTL mechanisms (perforin/granzyme), aided by CD4+ T-cell help.