A bispecific T‑cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B‑lymphoblasts to redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity against CD19+ B‑ALL.
Bispecific T‑cell engager that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B cells, bringing them into proximity to activate TCR signaling and redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity to lyse CD19‑expressing B‑lymphoblasts.
YES
DIRECT
BiTE links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on target cells, activating T cells to form a cytolytic synapse and kill CD19+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis.
A bispecific T‑cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B‑lymphoblasts to redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity against CD19+ B‑ALL.
Bispecific T‑cell engager that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B cells, bringing them into proximity to activate TCR signaling and redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity to lyse CD19‑expressing B‑lymphoblasts.
NO
INDIRECT
Blinatumomab binds CD3 on T cells to activate and redirect them to lyse CD19+ target cells via perforin/granzyme; CD3+ T cells are not themselves killed.
Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits HER2 signaling and promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 (ERBB2); binds the receptor extracellular domain to block HER2 signaling and dimerization, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, and trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16)-expressing NK cells.
YES
DIRECT
Trastuzumab binds HER2 on target cells and its Fc engages CD16 (FcγRIIIa) on NK cells to trigger ADCC, leading to lysis of HER2-expressing cells; it also inhibits HER2 signaling.
Autologous, gene-modified anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy with CD28 costimulation; CAR engagement of CD19 triggers T-cell activation (CD3ζ/CD28), cytotoxic killing, and cytokine release.
Autologous T cells are gene-modified to express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor with CD28 costimulation and CD3ζ signaling. Upon binding CD19 on B-cell malignancies, the CAR activates T-cell signaling, driving proliferation, cytokine release, and targeted cytotoxic killing of CD19-positive tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR T cells bind CD19, triggering CD3ζ/CD28 signaling and T-cell activation, leading to perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis and apoptosis of CD19+ cells.
A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-L1; it blocks PD-L1 interactions with PD-1 and B7.1 to restore T‑cell activation and antitumor immunity and, via its Fc-competent IgG1, can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through NK cells.
Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 that blocks PD-L1 interactions with PD-1 and B7.1 to release T-cell inhibition and restore antitumor immunity; its Fc-competent IgG1 can also engage NK cells to mediate ADCC against PD-L1–expressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Avelumab binds PD-L1 on target cells and, via its IgG1 Fc, engages NK cells (CD16) to trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), directly killing PD-L1-positive cells; PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also enhances T-cell killing (indirect).