Intravenous anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that depletes CD20+ B cells via ADCC, CDC, and apoptosis.
Chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and depletes CD20+ cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and induction of apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
Rituximab binds CD20 on B cells and kills them via Fc-mediated ADCC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and direct apoptosis after CD20 crosslinking.
A biologic antibody targeting CD20 that depletes CD20-positive B cells to reduce humoral sensitization prior to kidney transplantation.
Monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and depletes CD20+ B-cell populations via complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and apoptosis, thereby reducing humoral responses (e.g., anti-HLA antibody production) prior to transplantation.
YES
DIRECT
Binding to CD20 triggers complement-dependent cytotoxicity and Fc-mediated effector killing (ADCC/ADCP by NK cells/macrophages), with possible direct apoptosis of B cells.
Autologous T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting STEAP1 on prostate cancer cells; CAR engagement activates T-cell cytotoxicity and cytokine signaling against STEAP1-positive tumor cells.
Autologous T cells are engineered to express a CAR that binds STEAP1 on tumor cells; CAR engagement activates T-cell signaling, cytokine release, and cytotoxic granule-mediated killing of STEAP1-positive cancer cells.
YES
DIRECT
CAR binding to STEAP1 activates the engineered T cells to kill STEAP1+ cells via perforin/granzyme release and Fas–FasL–mediated apoptosis.
An antibody–drug conjugate (PADCEV) consisting of a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting Nectin-4 linked to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), inducing internalization and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing urothelial cancer cells.
Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting Nectin-4 linked via a cleavable linker to the microtubule toxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). After binding Nectin-4 on tumor cells and internalization, intracellular cleavage releases MMAE, which binds tubulin, inhibits microtubule polymerization, induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing cancer cells.
YES
DIRECT
The ADC binds Nectin-4 on target cells, is internalized, and releases MMAE, which inhibits tubulin polymerization, causing G2/M arrest and apoptosis in Nectin-4-expressing cells.
An antibody–drug conjugate (PADCEV) consisting of a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting Nectin-4 linked to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), inducing internalization and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing urothelial cancer cells.
Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting Nectin-4 linked via a cleavable linker to the microtubule toxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). After binding Nectin-4 on tumor cells and internalization, intracellular cleavage releases MMAE, which binds tubulin, inhibits microtubule polymerization, induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing cancer cells.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC targets Nectin-4, not beta-tubulin. After Nectin-4–mediated internalization, MMAE binds beta-tubulin to disrupt microtubules and induce apoptosis in Nectin-4–positive cells; beta-tubulin expression alone does not lead to selective killing.