An antibody–drug conjugate immunotherapy consisting of a humanized anti-CD22 IgG4 monoclonal antibody linked to the cytotoxic agent calicheamicin; it binds CD22 on B-lineage blasts, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin to induce DNA double-strand breaks leading to apoptosis.
Humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody targets CD22 on B-lineage cells, is internalized, and releases the cytotoxic payload calicheamicin, which binds the DNA minor groove to induce double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
NO
INDIRECT
Inotuzumab ozogamicin targets CD22 on B cells, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin, which binds the DNA minor groove to induce double-strand breaks and apoptosis. DNA is the payload’s intracellular target, not the selective antigen determining which cells are killed.
Autologous CD19-targeted Nex-T CAR T-cell therapy; engineered T cells recognize CD19 and deplete pathogenic B-cell subsets to reduce autoantibodies and reset immune tolerance.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor; after infusion they recognize and kill CD19-positive B-cell subsets (naive/memory B cells and plasmablasts), depleting pathogenic B cells to reduce autoantibody production and help reset immune tolerance.
YES
DIRECT
CD19-directed CAR T cells bind CD19 on B cells, form an immune synapse, and kill target cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis (and Fas–FasL pathways).
Adenoviral (Ad5) therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding CEA, MUC1, and brachyury to prime and expand antigen-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells.
Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad5) therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding CEA, MUC1, and brachyury. Transduces antigen-presenting cells to express these tumor antigens, leading to MHC I/II presentation and priming/expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that recognize and kill antigen-expressing tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The Ad5 vaccine transduces APCs to present CEA peptides, priming/expanding CEA-specific CD8+ T cells that recognize CEA-derived peptides on MHC I of tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme (and Fas/FasL) pathways.
Adenoviral (Ad5) therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding CEA, MUC1, and brachyury to prime and expand antigen-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells.
Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad5) therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding CEA, MUC1, and brachyury. Transduces antigen-presenting cells to express these tumor antigens, leading to MHC I/II presentation and priming/expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that recognize and kill antigen-expressing tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes MUC1-specific T cells via APC presentation of MUC1 peptides; activated CD8+ T cells recognize MHC-presented MUC1 on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis.
A BCMAxCD3 bispecific T-cell-engaging monoclonal antibody that redirects and activates T cells to kill BCMA-positive multiple myeloma cells; administered subcutaneously and intravenously.
Etentamig (ABBV-383) is a human IgG4 bispecific antibody that binds BCMA on malignant plasma cells and CD3 on T lymphocytes, forming an immune synapse that redirects and activates cytotoxic T cells to kill BCMA-positive myeloma cells via TCR/CD3 signaling and perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis, with preferential activation of effector over regulatory T cells.
NO
INDIRECT
ABBV-383 binds CD3 on T cells to recruit and activate them to kill BCMA-positive tumor cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis; CD3+ T cells are not targeted for killing.