Autologous CD19/CD20-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy; patient T cells are genetically engineered to express CARs targeting CD19 and CD20 on B cells to mediate cytotoxic killing of lymphoma cells.
Autologous T cells are genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing CD19 and CD20 on B cells; antigen binding activates CAR signaling to expand and activate the T cells, leading to cytokine release and perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxic killing of malignant B cells, with on-target depletion of normal B cells.
YES
DIRECT
CAR-T cells recognize CD20 on target cells; CAR engagement activates T-cell effector functions leading to perforin/granzyme release (and Fas/FasL signaling), causing apoptosis/lysis of CD20-expressing cells.
Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on B cells to induce T cell–mediated cytotoxicity; used in B-ALL.
Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B cells, forming an immune synapse that activates and redirects T cells to kill CD19-positive B cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity; used in B-ALL.
YES
DIRECT
Blinatumomab links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on target B cells, activating T cells to kill CD19+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that links CD3 on T cells to CD19 on B cells to induce T cell–mediated cytotoxicity; used in B-ALL.
Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and CD19 on B cells, forming an immune synapse that activates and redirects T cells to kill CD19-positive B cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity; used in B-ALL.
NO
INDIRECT
Blinatumomab binds CD3ε on T cells to activate and link them to CD19+ B cells, which are killed via perforin/granzyme; CD3-expressing T cells are effectors, not the killed targets.
Investigational EGFR×CD28 bispecific antibody that binds EGFR on tumor cells and CD28 on T cells to provide conditional costimulation and amplify T-cell activation with PD-1 blockade.
Dalmitamig (REGN7075) is a bispecific antibody that binds EGFR on tumor cells and CD28 on T cells, delivering tumor-targeted CD28 costimulation to enhance and redirect T-cell activation and cytotoxicity against EGFR-expressing tumor cells, with synergy alongside PD-1 blockade.
YES
DIRECT
The EGFR×CD28 bispecific binds EGFR on tumor cells and CD28 on T cells, providing localized costimulation that activates and redirects CTLs to kill EGFR-expressing cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
Investigational EGFR×CD28 bispecific antibody that binds EGFR on tumor cells and CD28 on T cells to provide conditional costimulation and amplify T-cell activation with PD-1 blockade.
Dalmitamig (REGN7075) is a bispecific antibody that binds EGFR on tumor cells and CD28 on T cells, delivering tumor-targeted CD28 costimulation to enhance and redirect T-cell activation and cytotoxicity against EGFR-expressing tumor cells, with synergy alongside PD-1 blockade.
NO
INDIRECT
CD28+ T cells receive costimulatory activation from the bispecific (via CD28 engagement) while it binds EGFR on tumor cells; activated T cells then kill EGFR-expressing tumor cells. CD28-expressing cells themselves are not targeted for killing.