HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (Enhertu, T-DXd) that delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor (DXd) to HER2-expressing tumor cells, causing DNA damage and bystander killing.
HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab) delivers a membrane-permeable topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd) to HER2-expressing tumor cells. After HER2 binding and internalization, DXd inhibits Top1, causing DNA damage, replication blockade, and apoptosis; additional effects include bystander killing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC targets HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases DXd, which inhibits Top1 to cause DNA damage and apoptosis (with bystander killing and ADCC). Top1 is the payload’s enzymatic target, not the antigen that determines targeting/killing.
Chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells via ADCC, CDC, and apoptosis.
Chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and induces B-cell depletion via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and direct apoptosis (and phagocytosis).
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD20 mAb binds CD20 on B cells and triggers Fc-mediated ADCC by NK/macrophages, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (MAC formation), direct apoptotic signaling, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, leading to B-cell killing.
An anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B lymphocytes and depletes B cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B lymphocytes and depletes B cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
The anti-CD20 antibody binds CD20 on B cells and eliminates them via Fc-mediated ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, with additional direct apoptotic signaling upon receptor crosslinking.
Autologous CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy; patient T cells engineered to express a CAR targeting CD19, administered as a single IV dose to deplete CD19+ B-lineage cells and reset humoral immunity.
Autologous T cells engineered to express an anti-CD19 CAR with a 4-1BB costimulatory domain bind and kill CD19+ B-lineage cells (including B cells and plasmablasts), producing deep B-cell depletion and resetting humoral immunity.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR T cells bind CD19 on target cells and directly induce T-cell cytotoxicity via perforin/granzyme release and death-receptor–mediated apoptosis.
Intravenous T-cell–engaging bispecific antibody that binds CD20 on malignant B cells and CD3 on T cells to activate TCR/CD3 signaling and mediate T-cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release, depleting CD20+ B cells.
Intravenous 2:1 anti-CD20 × anti-CD3 bispecific antibody that bridges T cells to CD20+ B cells, activating TCR/CD3 signaling to trigger T‑cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release, leading to depletion of malignant CD20-expressing B cells; bivalent CD20 and monovalent CD3 binding enhances tumor targeting and may reduce off-target T‑cell activation.
YES
DIRECT
Bispecific T‑cell engager links CD3 on T cells to CD20 on target cells, activating TCR signaling; engaged T cells kill CD20+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.