Multi-epitope synthetic peptide cancer vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope; designed to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with CD4+ T-cell help in GBM.
Multi-epitope synthetic peptide vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope. The peptides are presented by APCs to prime and expand antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells with CD4+ T-cell help, generating anti-tumor immune responses against cells expressing EphA2, survivin, and CMV pp65.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes survivin-specific HLA-A*0201–restricted CD8+ T cells (with CD4 help); these CTLs recognize survivin peptide–HLA complexes on target cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL).
Multi-epitope synthetic peptide cancer vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope; designed to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with CD4+ T-cell help in GBM.
Multi-epitope synthetic peptide vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope. The peptides are presented by APCs to prime and expand antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells with CD4+ T-cell help, generating anti-tumor immune responses against cells expressing EphA2, survivin, and CMV pp65.
YES
INDIRECT
Vaccine peptides are presented by APCs to prime/expand CMV pp65–specific CD8+ T cells (with CD4 help). These CTLs recognize pp65 peptide–HLA-A*02:01 complexes on target cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis.
Multi-epitope synthetic peptide cancer vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope; designed to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with CD4+ T-cell help in GBM.
Multi-epitope synthetic peptide vaccine comprising HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides from EphA2, CMV pp65, and survivin, each fused to the tetanus toxoid P30 CD4 helper epitope. The peptides are presented by APCs to prime and expand antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells with CD4+ T-cell help, generating anti-tumor immune responses against cells expressing EphA2, survivin, and CMV pp65.
NO
INDIRECT
P30 is a CD4 helper epitope used to provide T-cell help for priming CTLs. The vaccine induces CD8+ T cells that kill cells presenting EphA2, survivin, or CMV pp65 via MHC I–mediated cytolysis; cells presenting the P30 helper epitope are not directly targeted for killing.
A HER2-targeted dual antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) administered intravenously every 3 weeks as neoadjuvant therapy. It binds HER2 (ErbB2) on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases an intracellular cytotoxic payload to kill HER2-expressing cells; it may also dampen HER2 signaling and engage Fc-mediated immune effector functions, impacting downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate that binds HER2 (ErbB2) on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases an intracellular cytotoxic payload to kill HER2-expressing cells; it may also attenuate HER2 signaling and recruit Fc-mediated immune effector functions, impacting downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
YES
DIRECT
HER2-targeted ADC binds HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases an intracellular cytotoxic payload that kills HER2-expressing cells; Fc-mediated ADCC/ADCP may also contribute.
Autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy with 4-1BB costimulation that redirects a patient’s T cells to lyse CD19-positive B cells.
Autologous T cells are lentivirally engineered to express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor with a 4-1BB costimulatory domain and CD3-zeta signaling. After infusion, these CAR T cells recognize CD19 on B cells, become activated, expand, and lyse CD19-positive malignant B cells, leading to B-cell depletion and antitumor activity.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR T cells recognize CD19 on target cells and kill them via T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme release and Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis), leading to lysis of CD19+ cells.