An antibody–drug conjugate targeting TROP2 that delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor (DXd) to TROP2-expressing tumor cells, causing DNA damage and tumor cell death with a potential bystander effect.
Humanized anti‑TROP2 monoclonal antibody linked via a cleavable linker to the topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd. After binding TROP2 on tumor cells, the ADC is internalized and the payload is released to inhibit topoisomerase I, inducing DNA damage and tumor cell death; the membrane‑permeable payload can produce a bystander killing effect.
The ADC binds TROP2, is internalized, and releases the DXd topoisomerase I inhibitor via a cleavable linker, causing DNA damage and apoptosis in the TROP2-expressing cell (with possible bystander killing).
Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy used to target and eliminate CD19-positive B-ALL cells; reinfused after lymphodepleting chemotherapy.
Autologous T cells genetically engineered to express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor; upon binding CD19 on malignant B cells, CAR signaling activates T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine-mediated killing, leading to expansion and elimination of CD19-positive cells (with resultant B-cell aplasia).
Anti-CD19 CAR T cells bind CD19 on target cells, become activated, and kill via T-cell cytotoxic mechanisms (perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis and death receptor/cytokine-mediated apoptosis), eliminating CD19+ cells.
Autologous, gene-edited CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy with non-viral, site-specific integration at the PDCD1 (PD-1) locus to disrupt PD-1 signaling and enhance antitumor activity against CD19+ B-cell malignancies.
Autologous T cells are CRISPR-edited for site-specific CAR integration at the PDCD1 (PD-1) locus, knocking out PD-1 and expressing a CD19-targeted CAR. The CAR mediates recognition and lysis of CD19+ B-cell malignancies, while PD-1 disruption abrogates inhibitory checkpoint signaling to reduce T-cell exhaustion and enhance antitumor activity.
CD19-specific CAR T cells recognize CD19 on target cells and directly kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and death-receptor pathways); PD-1 knockout enhances T-cell activity.
Autologous ex vivo-expanded T cells isolated from the patient’s tumor, infused to provide tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+/CD4+ T cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
Autologous tumor-resident T cells isolated from the patient’s tumor are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to provide polyclonal, tumor‑antigen–specific CD8+/CD4+ T cells. These cells recognize tumor antigens via their native TCRs in an MHC-restricted manner and mediate cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release to eliminate tumor cells; they are not genetically engineered.
TILs recognize the patient-specific neoantigen peptide–HLA class I complex via native TCRs and directly induce apoptosis via perforin/granzyme (and Fas–FasL) cytotoxic pathways.
Autologous ex vivo-expanded T cells isolated from the patient’s tumor, infused to provide tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+/CD4+ T cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
Autologous tumor-resident T cells isolated from the patient’s tumor are expanded ex vivo and reinfused to provide polyclonal, tumor‑antigen–specific CD8+/CD4+ T cells. These cells recognize tumor antigens via their native TCRs in an MHC-restricted manner and mediate cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme) and cytokine release to eliminate tumor cells; they are not genetically engineered.
Autologous TILs recognize the patient-specific tumor peptide–HLA class I complex via native TCRs and kill the presenting cell by perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL apoptosis).