An allogeneic (off-the-shelf) anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy delivered as a single infusion after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Gene-engineered T cells express a CAR recognizing CD19 to deplete CD19+ B cells (B-cell aplasia) and reset immunity to reduce pathogenic autoantibody production.
Allogeneic gene-engineered T cells expressing an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor bind CD19 on B-lineage cells and kill them via T-cell cytotoxicity, causing deep B-cell depletion (B-cell aplasia) and an immune reset that reduces pathogenic autoantibody production.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR-T cells bind CD19 on target cells, form an immunologic synapse, and kill via T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme-induced apoptosis, and Fas–FasL pathways).
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cells engineered to target glypican-3 (GPC3), enabling MHC-independent recognition and killing of GPC3-positive tumor cells; infused after lymphodepleting chemotherapy.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting glypican‑3 (GPC3) bind GPC3 on tumor cells independent of MHC, triggering T‑cell activation, cytokine release, and cytotoxic killing of GPC3‑positive cancer cells; infused after lymphodepleting chemotherapy to enhance expansion and persistence.
YES
DIRECT
GPC3-specific CAR-T cells bind GPC3 on target cells, become activated, and directly kill them via T-cell effector mechanisms (perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis and apoptosis).
Anti-CD33 antibody-drug conjugate that delivers calicheamicin; added to first induction in CD33-positive AML.
Humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; binds CD33 on leukemic blasts, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin that binds the DNA minor groove causing double-strand breaks, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
The ADC binds CD33, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin that causes DNA double-strand breaks, inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis in the target cell.
Anti-CD33 antibody-drug conjugate that delivers calicheamicin; added to first induction in CD33-positive AML.
Humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; binds CD33 on leukemic blasts, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin that binds the DNA minor groove causing double-strand breaks, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and apoptosis.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC binds CD33 on target cells, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin, which then binds the DNA minor groove causing double‑strand breaks and apoptosis.
A subcutaneous BCMA×CD3 bispecific IgG T-cell–engaging antibody that binds BCMA on malignant plasma cells and CD3 on T cells to form an immune synapse, activate T cells, and kill BCMA-positive myeloma cells.
Elranatamab is a BCMA×CD3 bispecific IgG antibody that binds BCMA on myeloma/plasma cells and CD3 on T cells, forming an immune synapse to activate and redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release, leading to lysis of BCMA‑positive myeloma cells.
YES
DIRECT
BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibody links T cells to BCMA+ cells, triggering CD3-mediated activation and immune-synapse formation, leading to perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis and apoptosis of the target cells.