HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate; monoclonal antibody binds HER2, is internalized, and releases a cytotoxic payload to kill HER2-expressing tumor cells.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate: a monoclonal antibody binds HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and a cleavable linker releases a camptothecin-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor payload that stabilizes topo I–DNA complexes, causing DNA breaks, blocking DNA replication, and inducing apoptosis in HER2-expressing cells.
YES
DIRECT
The ADC binds HER2 on target cells, is internalized, and releases a camptothecin-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes DNA damage and apoptosis in HER2-expressing cells.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate; monoclonal antibody binds HER2, is internalized, and releases a cytotoxic payload to kill HER2-expressing tumor cells.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate: a monoclonal antibody binds HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and a cleavable linker releases a camptothecin-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor payload that stabilizes topo I–DNA complexes, causing DNA breaks, blocking DNA replication, and inducing apoptosis in HER2-expressing cells.
NO
INDIRECT
SHR-A1811 targets HER2 on the cell surface; after internalization it releases a camptothecin payload that inhibits topoisomerase I to cause DNA damage. Topoisomerase I is the intracellular enzymatic target of the payload, not the targeting antigen, so topo I expression alone is not selectively killed.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a CAR specific for CD20; upon CD20 engagement, CAR signaling activates T cells to eliminate CD20-positive B-cell malignancies and can result in on-target B-cell aplasia.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a CD20-specific chimeric antigen receptor. Upon binding CD20, CAR signaling through CD3zeta and costimulatory domains activates and expands the T cells, leading to cytokine release and perforin/granzyme-mediated killing of CD20-positive B cells, resulting in depletion of malignant B cells and on-target B-cell aplasia.
YES
DIRECT
CD20 CAR-T cells bind CD20 on target cells and induce T-cell–mediated cytolysis via perforin/granzyme (and Fas–FasL) after CAR activation.
Autologous, ex vivo–expanded tumor-reactive T cells used for adoptive cell therapy to recognize patient-specific tumor antigens and kill cancer cells.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells expanded ex vivo are reinfused to target cancer via their native TCRs, recognizing patient-specific peptide–MHC tumor antigens and killing tumor cells through cytotoxic granule release and cytokine-mediated immune activation; lymphodepletion and IL-2 support engraftment and persistence.
YES
DIRECT
TILs recognize the patient-specific neoantigen peptide presented on HLA class I via their native TCRs and directly kill target cells through perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis (and Fas–FasL), with additional cytokine-driven cytotoxic effects.