A community-type tumor neoantigen mRNA cancer vaccine designed to induce tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to recognize and kill cancer cells.
Self-replicating mRNA encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigens is taken up by antigen-presenting cells (primarily dendritic cells), translated into neoantigen proteins, and presented on MHC class I and II. This primes and expands neoantigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells, leading to immune-mediated killing of neoantigen-expressing cancer cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The srRNA vaccine is taken up by APCs, which present neoantigen peptides and expand neoantigen-specific T cells. These T cells recognize neoantigen peptide–MHC complexes (including HLA class II–restricted) on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
A bispecific/biparatopic anti-HER2 IgG1 antibody that binds two HER2 epitopes, blocks dimerization and signaling, promotes receptor internalization, and mediates ADCC.
Bispecific/biparatopic anti-HER2 IgG1 that binds two non-overlapping HER2 epitopes (ECD2 and ECD4), blocks HER2 dimerization and downstream signaling, promotes receptor clustering, internalization and downregulation, and elicits Fc-mediated effector functions (ADCC/ADCP) against HER2-overexpressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Binds HER2 and engages FcγR-bearing immune cells to mediate ADCC/ADCP (and possibly CDC), leading to killing of HER2+ cells; signaling blockade/internalization is primarily cytostatic.
A bispecific/biparatopic anti-HER2 IgG1 antibody that binds two HER2 epitopes, blocks dimerization and signaling, promotes receptor internalization, and mediates ADCC.
Bispecific/biparatopic anti-HER2 IgG1 that binds two non-overlapping HER2 epitopes (ECD2 and ECD4), blocks HER2 dimerization and downstream signaling, promotes receptor clustering, internalization and downregulation, and elicits Fc-mediated effector functions (ADCC/ADCP) against HER2-overexpressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Binds HER2 on tumor cells and engages immune effector cells via its Fc region, inducing ADCC by NK cells and ADCP by macrophages (and possibly complement), leading to killing of HER2-expressing cells.
A protein subunit therapeutic cancer vaccine that delivers tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells to prime adaptive antitumor immunity.
Self-adjuvanted chimeric protein subunit cancer vaccine that targets and penetrates dendritic cells via a CPP, delivers multiple MHC I/II–restricted tumor antigen peptides with an embedded TLR agonist, leading to antigen processing and presentation, activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and induction of adaptive antitumor immunity against pancreatic cancer cells.
NO
INDIRECT
The TLR agonist component activates dendritic cells to process and present vaccine antigens, inducing tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that kill antigen-expressing cancer cells; TLR-expressing APCs are activated, not directly killed by the drug.
Chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that depletes CD20-positive B cells via complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and apoptosis; administered IV or as a subcutaneous co-formulation.
Chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and depletes CD20-positive cells via complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
Binds CD20 on B cells and kills via complement-dependent cytotoxicity and Fc-mediated ADCC; can also induce apoptosis upon CD20 engagement.