Subcutaneous CD20×CD3 bispecific T‑cell–engaging monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells to redirect T‑cell cytotoxicity against malignant B cells.
Humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, cross-linking them to form an immune synapse and activate T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme) to kill CD20+ malignant B cells.
YES
DIRECT
The bispecific antibody links CD3 on T cells to CD20 on B cells, forming an immune synapse that activates T-cell killing (perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity) of CD20+ cells.
A protein subunit therapeutic cancer vaccine designed to present tumor antigens to dendritic cells/APCs to prime tumor-specific T-cell responses.
Self-adjuvanted chimeric protein vaccine (KISIMA platform) that uses a cell-penetrating peptide to deliver multiple tumor-associated antigen peptides into dendritic cells and a TLR peptide agonist to activate them; promotes processing and presentation on MHC I and II to prime tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, inducing cytotoxic anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.
NO
INDIRECT
The vaccine is taken up by HLA-DR–positive dendritic cells to present tumor peptides and activate CD8+ T cells; these CTLs then kill tumor cells displaying the vaccine antigens, not the HLA-DR–expressing APCs.
A protein subunit therapeutic cancer vaccine designed to present tumor antigens to dendritic cells/APCs to prime tumor-specific T-cell responses.
Self-adjuvanted chimeric protein vaccine (KISIMA platform) that uses a cell-penetrating peptide to deliver multiple tumor-associated antigen peptides into dendritic cells and a TLR peptide agonist to activate them; promotes processing and presentation on MHC I and II to prime tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, inducing cytotoxic anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.
NO
INDIRECT
ATP152 delivers tumor antigens to HLA-DP–expressing dendritic cells to prime CD8+/CD4+ T cells; the resulting T cells kill tumor cells presenting the antigens (primarily via MHC I), not the HLA-DP+ APCs.
A protein subunit therapeutic cancer vaccine designed to present tumor antigens to dendritic cells/APCs to prime tumor-specific T-cell responses.
Self-adjuvanted chimeric protein vaccine (KISIMA platform) that uses a cell-penetrating peptide to deliver multiple tumor-associated antigen peptides into dendritic cells and a TLR peptide agonist to activate them; promotes processing and presentation on MHC I and II to prime tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, inducing cytotoxic anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.
NO
INDIRECT
The vaccine delivers peptides and a TLR agonist to dendritic cells to enhance MHC I/II presentation, priming CD8+ T cells that then kill tumor cells; HLA‑DQ–expressing APCs are not directly targeted or killed.
Personalized mRNA neoantigen cancer vaccine that delivers patient-specific tumor neoantigens to dendritic cells to enhance MHC I/II presentation and prime/expand tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
Personalized mRNA encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigens is delivered to dendritic cells, translated into neoantigen peptides, and presented on MHC I and II to prime and expand tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, generating antitumor immunity.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes and expands neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which recognize neoantigen–MHC I on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL apoptosis).