Chimeric anti‑CD20 monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells via ADCC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
Chimeric anti‑CD20 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and depletes CD20+ B cells via antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement‑dependent cytotoxicity, and induction of apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
Anti‑CD20 antibody binds CD20 on B cells and induces killing via Fc-mediated ADCC by immune effector cells, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and direct pro-apoptotic signaling.
Antibody–drug conjugate targeting TROP2; internalizes and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to induce DNA damage and apoptosis (possible bystander effect).
Anti-TROP2 antibody–drug conjugate that binds TROP2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to induce DNA damage and apoptosis, with potential bystander effect.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-TROP2 ADC binds TROP2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload that causes DNA damage and apoptosis (with possible bystander effect).
Antibody–drug conjugate targeting TROP2; internalizes and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to induce DNA damage and apoptosis (possible bystander effect).
Anti-TROP2 antibody–drug conjugate that binds TROP2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to induce DNA damage and apoptosis, with potential bystander effect.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC targets TROP2 (not Topoisomerase I), is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor that induces DNA damage and apoptosis; Topoisomerase I expression alone is not sufficient for targeting or killing.
An individualized mRNA cancer vaccine encoding a patient’s tumor-specific neoantigens; after intramuscular injection, host antigen-presenting cells translate the mRNA and present neoantigen peptides via MHC to prime/expand CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to eliminate residual melanoma.
Individualized mRNA cancer vaccine encoding a patient’s tumor-specific neoantigens. After intramuscular injection, antigen-presenting cells take up the mRNA, translate it, and present the resulting neoantigen peptides on MHC I and II, priming and expanding neoantigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells to recognize and eliminate residual melanoma cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine primes/expands neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells that recognize the neoantigen–HLA I complexes on tumor cells and kill them via CTL cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme and Fas–FasL–mediated apoptosis).
An individualized mRNA cancer vaccine encoding a patient’s tumor-specific neoantigens; after intramuscular injection, host antigen-presenting cells translate the mRNA and present neoantigen peptides via MHC to prime/expand CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to eliminate residual melanoma.
Individualized mRNA cancer vaccine encoding a patient’s tumor-specific neoantigens. After intramuscular injection, antigen-presenting cells take up the mRNA, translate it, and present the resulting neoantigen peptides on MHC I and II, priming and expanding neoantigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells to recognize and eliminate residual melanoma cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The mRNA vaccine primes neoantigen‑specific T cells; CD4+ T cells recognizing neoantigen peptides on HLA class II (and supporting CD8+ CTLs) can kill MHC II–positive tumor cells via perforin/granzyme or Fas–FasL pathways.