Bicycle toxin conjugate targeting Nectin-4 that delivers the cytotoxic payload MMAE (a microtubule inhibitor), causing mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
A bicyclic peptide (Bicycle toxin conjugate) that binds Nectin-4 on tumor cells and is internalized to release the cytotoxic payload MMAE, which inhibits microtubule polymerization, leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing cells.
YES
DIRECT
BT8009 binds Nectin-4 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases MMAE, a microtubule inhibitor, causing mitotic arrest and apoptosis of Nectin-4–expressing cells.
Bicycle toxin conjugate targeting Nectin-4 that delivers the cytotoxic payload MMAE (a microtubule inhibitor), causing mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
A bicyclic peptide (Bicycle toxin conjugate) that binds Nectin-4 on tumor cells and is internalized to release the cytotoxic payload MMAE, which inhibits microtubule polymerization, leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis in Nectin-4–expressing cells.
NO
INDIRECT
BT8009 binds Nectin-4 and is internalized; it then releases MMAE, which binds the vinca domain of tubulin to block microtubule polymerization, causing mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Killing depends on Nectin-4-mediated uptake, not tubulin expression alone.
Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-L1 to enhance antitumor T-cell responses.
Human IgG1 anti–PD-L1 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-L1 from engaging PD-1, relieving checkpoint-mediated T-cell inhibition and restoring antitumor T-cell activity; its Fc can also mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against PD-L1–expressing tumor cells.
YES
DIRECT
Avelumab binds PD-L1 on target cells and, via its IgG1 Fc, recruits FcγR-expressing effector cells (e.g., NK cells) to mediate ADCC against PD-L1–positive cells; PD-L1 blockade also restores T-cell killing.
Humanized IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks CTLA-4 to restore CD28/B7 costimulation, enhance T-cell priming/expansion, and may deplete intratumoral Tregs via Fc-mediated cytotoxicity.
Humanized IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody that blocks CTLA-4 to relieve checkpoint inhibition, restoring CD28-B7 costimulation and enhancing T-cell priming and expansion; Fc-mediated effector function may deplete intratumoral regulatory T cells.
YES
DIRECT
IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 binds CTLA-4 on (intratumoral) Tregs and engages FcγR-bearing effector cells to mediate ADCC/ADCP (±CDC), depleting CTLA-4–expressing cells.
PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy; a small-molecule PSMA ligand chelated to beta-emitter Lu-177 that binds PSMA, is internalized, and delivers beta radiation causing DNA double-strand breaks in tumor cells.
Small-molecule PSMA ligand chelated to lutetium‑177 binds PSMA on prostate cancer cells, is internalized, and emits β‑particles that cause DNA double‑strand breaks (with cross‑fire to nearby cells), leading to tumor cell death.
YES
DIRECT
PSMA-binding Lu-177 radioligand is internalized and emits β-particles that cause DNA double-strand breaks, killing PSMA-positive cells (with beta crossfire to nearby cells).