An anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (marketed as Yervoy) that enhances T-cell activation by blocking CTLA-4 binding to CD80/CD86; may reduce intratumoral Tregs via Fc-mediated effector functions.
Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (checkpoint inhibitor) that blocks CTLA-4 interaction with CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, relieving inhibitory signaling and enhancing CD28-mediated T‑cell activation; its IgG1 Fc may deplete intratumoral regulatory T cells via effector functions, promoting antitumor cytotoxic T‑cell responses.
YES
DIRECT
Ipilimumab binds CTLA-4 on T cells (especially intratumoral Tregs) and, via its IgG1 Fc, engages Fc receptor–bearing effector cells (e.g., NK cells, macrophages) to mediate ADCC/ADCP, depleting CTLA-4–positive cells.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to HER2-expressing tumor cells, causing DNA damage and cell death.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate in which trastuzumab binds HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases the topoisomerase I inhibitor payload deruxtecan (DXd). DXd inhibits Top1–DNA complexes, leading to DNA damage, replication arrest, and apoptosis. The antibody also mediates ADCC, and the membrane-permeable payload enables a bystander killing effect.
YES
DIRECT
The ADC binds HER2, is internalized, and releases the topoisomerase I inhibitor deruxtecan inside HER2+ cells, causing DNA damage and apoptosis; the antibody Fc can also trigger ADCC.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to HER2-expressing tumor cells, causing DNA damage and cell death.
HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate in which trastuzumab binds HER2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases the topoisomerase I inhibitor payload deruxtecan (DXd). DXd inhibits Top1–DNA complexes, leading to DNA damage, replication arrest, and apoptosis. The antibody also mediates ADCC, and the membrane-permeable payload enables a bystander killing effect.
NO
INDIRECT
Trastuzumab deruxtecan targets HER2 on tumor cells for uptake; once internalized it releases deruxtecan, which inhibits topoisomerase I to cause DNA damage and apoptosis. Topoisomerase I expression alone does not cause cells to be targeted or directly killed.
Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits HER2/HER3 dimerization and mediates ADCC.
Humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that binds the HER2 extracellular dimerization domain, prevents HER2/HER3 dimerization and downstream signaling, and mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), leading to tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
Pertuzumab binds HER2 and recruits Fcγ receptor–bearing immune cells to induce ADCC against HER2+ cells; it also blocks HER2/HER3 signaling, promoting apoptosis.