Autologous, second-generation CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy; patient T cells are engineered to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor with costimulation to kill CD19+ leukemic B cells. Expected on-target effect includes B-cell aplasia.
Autologous T cells engineered with a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor containing 4-1BB costimulatory and CD3zeta signaling domains. Upon binding CD19 on B-lineage cells, the CAR T cells activate, proliferate, release cytotoxic mediators, and kill CD19+ leukemic cells, with expected on-target B-cell aplasia.
YES
DIRECT
CD19-directed CAR T cells bind CD19 on target cells, activate, and kill via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis and apoptosis (e.g., Fas–FasL).
Bioselected oncolytic RNA virus delivered intratumorally; selectively infects and replicates in tumor cells to induce oncolysis and immunogenic cell death, releasing tumor antigens and danger signals that trigger type I interferon-driven innate sensing, dendritic cell activation/cross-presentation, and cytotoxic T-cell priming.
Intratumoral, receptor-targeted oncolytic RNA virus that selectively infects and replicates in tumor cells, causing direct oncolysis. Resultant release of tumor antigens and danger signals triggers type I interferon–driven innate sensing, activates dendritic cells with cross-presentation, and primes cytotoxic T cells, promoting systemic antitumor immunity and further intratumoral viral spread.
YES
DIRECT
Receptor-targeted oncolytic virus binds the overexpressed entry receptor, infects receptor-positive tumor cells, replicates, and causes lytic oncolysis.
Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds PD-L1, blocking its interaction with PD-1/B7.1 to restore T-cell antitumor activity; its Fc region can mediate NK cell–driven ADCC.
Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds PD-L1, blocking its interaction with PD-1 and B7.1 to release PD-1 checkpoint inhibition and restore T-cell antitumor activity; its Fc region can trigger NK cell–mediated ADCC against PD-L1–expressing cells.
YES
DIRECT
Avelumab binds PD-L1 on the cell surface; its IgG1 Fc engages Fcγ receptors on NK cells to trigger antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), killing PD‑L1–expressing cells.
Fc-engineered anti-CD19 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that induces ADCC/ADCP and apoptosis of B cells.
Fc-engineered humanized anti-CD19 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds CD19 on B cells and, through enhanced Fc-gamma receptor engagement, increases ADCC and ADCP to deplete CD19-positive B cells and induce apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
Binds CD19 on B cells and engages Fcγ receptors on effector cells to mediate ADCC and ADCP; binding can also directly induce apoptosis of CD19+ cells.
Anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody mediating complement activation and ADCC.
Chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds CD20 on B cells and induces cell killing primarily via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC/ADCP), resulting in depletion of CD20-positive B cells; may also trigger direct apoptosis upon crosslinking.
YES
DIRECT
Binds CD20 on B cells and triggers complement-dependent lysis and Fc-mediated ADCC/ADCP by effector cells; crosslinking can also induce apoptosis.