Bispecific T-cell engager (GPRC5D×CD3) that redirects T cells to kill GPRC5D-positive myeloma cells.
Humanized bispecific antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and GPRC5D on myeloma cells, cross-linking them to activate T cells and drive cytotoxic lysis of GPRC5D-positive tumor cells.
Talquetamab bridges CD3 on T cells to GPRC5D on target cells, activating T cells to form an immune synapse and kill GPRC5D+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
Bispecific T-cell engager (BCMA×CD3) that redirects T cells to eliminate BCMA-positive plasma cells.
Humanized bispecific antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and BCMA on malignant plasma cells, cross-linking them to form an immune synapse and redirect T-cell cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme, cytokine release) to lyse BCMA-expressing cells.
Teclistamab cross-links CD3 on T cells with BCMA on target cells, forming an immune synapse that triggers T-cell release of perforin/granzymes (and cytokines) to lyse BCMA-expressing cells.
Autologous genetically modified T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting mesothelin; upon binding tumor mesothelin, the CAR activates T-cell signaling, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor that binds mesothelin on tumor cells. Antigen engagement triggers CD3ζ and costimulatory signaling (e.g., CD28/4-1BB), driving T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxic killing of mesothelin-positive cells.
CAR binding to mesothelin triggers CD3ζ/costimulatory signaling in T cells, leading to degranulation and perforin/granzyme-mediated killing (and Fas–FasL apoptosis) of mesothelin-positive cells.
A TM4SF1-directed antibody–drug conjugate (ADC). A monoclonal antibody binds TM4SF1 on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells, is internalized, and releases a cytotoxic payload to induce cell death, enabling both direct tumor killing and vascular targeting/anti-angiogenic effects.
TM4SF1-targeted monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic payload; upon binding TM4SF1 on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells, the ADC is internalized and releases the payload to induce cell death, enabling direct tumor killing and vascular targeting/anti-angiogenic effects.
ADC binds TM4SF1, is internalized, and releases a cytotoxic payload inside TM4SF1-expressing cells, causing cell death (e.g., apoptosis).
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (brand: UPLIZNA) that targets CD19 on B-lineage cells, inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated lysis to deplete B cells and reduce pathogenic AQP4-IgG in NMOSD.
Humanized, afucosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting CD19 that depletes CD19+ B-lineage cells (from pre-B cells to plasmablasts/some short-lived plasma cells) via enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated lysis, reducing pathogenic AQP4-IgG and humoral autoimmunity in NMOSD.
Anti-CD19 IgG1 binds CD19 on B-lineage cells and recruits immune effectors via its Fc to trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (NK cell–mediated) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, leading to lysis/depletion of CD19+ cells.