Allogeneic (off-the-shelf) bispecific CAR-modified natural killer (NK) cell therapy targeting BCMA and GPRC5D for multiple myeloma; single infusion after lymphodepletion to mediate cytotoxicity against malignant plasma cells.
Allogeneic bispecific CAR-engineered NK cells recognizing BCMA and GPRC5D on myeloma cells; CAR engagement activates NK cytotoxicity (perforin/granzyme, cytokines) to induce apoptosis of malignant plasma cells and mitigate antigen escape.
YES
DIRECT
CAR-engineered NK cells recognize BCMA on target cells and induce NK cytotoxic killing via perforin/granzyme release and death-receptor pathways, leading to apoptosis.
A bispecific IgG antibody immunotherapy that binds BCMA on malignant plasma cells and CD3 on T cells, forming an immune synapse to activate T cells and kill BCMA-positive tumor cells via cytotoxic granule release and cytokine-mediated responses.
Elranatamab is a bispecific IgG antibody that binds BCMA on malignant plasma cells and CD3 on T cells, bringing them into proximity to form an immune synapse. This activates T cells to kill BCMA-positive tumor cells via cytotoxic granule release and cytokine-mediated responses.
NO
INDIRECT
Elranatamab engages CD3 on T cells to activate them while binding BCMA on tumor cells; the activated T cells kill BCMA+ tumor cells via perforin/granzyme and cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity, not CD3+ T cells.
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1) on myeloma and NK cells; enhances NK cell–mediated ADCC and immune activation.
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1) on myeloma and NK cells; promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SLAMF7+ myeloma cells via Fcγ receptor engagement and directly activates NK cells through SLAMF7 signaling to enhance immune-mediated tumor killing.
YES
DIRECT
Elotuzumab binds SLAMF7 on myeloma cells and engages Fcγ receptors on NK cells to trigger ADCC; it also activates NK cells via SLAMF7 signaling, leading to immune-mediated killing of SLAMF7+ cells.
Gene-edited allogeneic universal CAR-T cell therapy using a CD94-based recognition domain to engage the CD94/HLA-E axis, designed to overcome immune evasion and enhance tumor killing.
Gene-edited allogeneic universal CAR-T cells engineered with a CD94-based recognition domain that engages the CD94/HLA-E axis on tumor cells, overcoming immune evasion and activating T-cell cytotoxicity to kill malignant cells.
YES
DIRECT
CD94-based CAR-T cells recognize HLA-E on target cells, triggering immune-synapse formation and T-cell effector killing via perforin/granzyme release and death-receptor pathways.