CD20×CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody that redirects T cells via CD3 to lyse CD20-positive B cells.
CD20×CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds CD3 on T cells and CD20 on B cells, crosslinking them to redirect and activate T cells to form an immune synapse and lyse CD20-positive B cells via perforin/granzyme release and cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity.
NO
INDIRECT
Glofitamab binds CD3 on T cells and CD20 on B cells, crosslinking and activating T cells to kill CD20+ cells via perforin/granzyme release; CD3E+ T cells are not the cytotoxic targets.
Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy; gene-modified T cells target CD19+ B cells/plasmablasts to induce B-cell aplasia and reset humoral immunity.
Autologous T cells engineered to express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor with 4-1BB and CD3zeta signaling domains bind CD19 on B cells/plasmablasts and induce targeted cytotoxicity, causing B-cell aplasia and resetting humoral immunity (also cytotoxic to CD19+ tumor cells).
YES
DIRECT
Anti-CD19 CAR T cells bind CD19 on target cells and induce T cell–mediated killing via perforin/granzyme (and Fas–FasL) apoptosis.
Antibody–drug conjugate targeting TROP2 that is internalized and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload to induce DNA damage and tumor cell death.
TROP2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate that binds TROP2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, causing DNA damage and tumor cell death (with potential bystander effect).
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC binds TROP2 on tumor cells, is internalized, and releases a topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes DNA damage; Topoisomerase I itself is not the cell-surface target, so Topo I–expressing cells are not directly targeted.
A polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation that depletes T cells via complement-mediated lysis and apoptosis and exerts immune-modulatory effects; used peri-transplant to prevent graft-versus-host disease.
Polyclonal anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin that binds multiple T-cell surface antigens and depletes T cells via complement-mediated lysis, apoptosis, and Fc-dependent cytotoxicity, with additional immunomodulatory effects; used peri-transplant to suppress alloreactive T cells and prevent GVHD.
YES
DIRECT
ATG contains antibodies that bind CD2 on T cells, leading to complement-dependent lysis and Fc-mediated ADCC/phagocytosis; crosslinking can also induce apoptosis.
A polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation that depletes T cells via complement-mediated lysis and apoptosis and exerts immune-modulatory effects; used peri-transplant to prevent graft-versus-host disease.
Polyclonal anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin that binds multiple T-cell surface antigens and depletes T cells via complement-mediated lysis, apoptosis, and Fc-dependent cytotoxicity, with additional immunomodulatory effects; used peri-transplant to suppress alloreactive T cells and prevent GVHD.
YES
DIRECT
ATG binds CD3 on T cells and induces complement-dependent lysis and Fc-mediated ADCC/phagocytosis, and can trigger apoptosis, leading to depletion of CD3+ cells.