Bispecific antibodies that bind GPRC5D on myeloma cells and CD3 on T cells to redirect cytotoxic T cells to tumor.
Bispecific antibodies simultaneously bind GPRC5D on myeloma cells and CD3 on T cells, forming an immune synapse that activates and redirects cytotoxic T cells to kill GPRC5D-expressing tumor cells via perforin/granzyme release, independent of antigen presentation.
YES
DIRECT
Bispecific antibody bridges CD3+ T cells to GPRC5D+ cells, triggering T-cell cytotoxicity via immune synapse formation and perforin/granzyme-mediated killing.
Bispecific antibodies that bind GPRC5D on myeloma cells and CD3 on T cells to redirect cytotoxic T cells to tumor.
Bispecific antibodies simultaneously bind GPRC5D on myeloma cells and CD3 on T cells, forming an immune synapse that activates and redirects cytotoxic T cells to kill GPRC5D-expressing tumor cells via perforin/granzyme release, independent of antigen presentation.
NO
INDIRECT
The bispecific binds CD3 on T cells to activate them and bridge to GPRC5D+ tumor cells; activated T cells kill the GPRC5D-expressing tumor via perforin/granzyme. CD3+ T cells are not the cytotoxic targets.
Engineered autologous T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting BCMA on malignant plasma cells.
Autologous T cells are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes BCMA on malignant plasma cells. CAR engagement activates CD3ζ signaling with costimulatory domains (e.g., 4-1BB or CD28), driving T‑cell proliferation, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme‑mediated cytotoxic killing of BCMA‑positive myeloma cells.
YES
DIRECT
BCMA-targeted CAR T cells bind BCMA on tumor cells, activate CD3ζ with costimulation, and kill BCMA+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and death-receptor pathways).
Engineered autologous T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting GPRC5D on malignant plasma cells.
Autologous T cells are genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor that binds GPRC5D on malignant plasma cells. Antigen engagement triggers CAR signaling, activating the T cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and kill GPRC5D-positive myeloma cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
YES
DIRECT
GPRC5D-directed CAR T cells bind GPRC5D on target cells and kill them via T cell cytotoxic mechanisms (perforin/granzyme release and death-receptor signaling).
Monoclonal antibodies targeting BCMA conjugated to cytotoxic payloads to deliver chemotherapy directly to myeloma cells.
An anti-BCMA monoclonal antibody delivers a cytotoxic payload to BCMA-expressing myeloma cells. After binding BCMA and internalization, the linker is cleaved in the cell to release the toxin, causing microtubule disruption or DNA damage and inducing apoptosis; Fc-mediated effector functions may contribute.
YES
DIRECT
ADC binds BCMA, is internalized, linker is cleaved to release a cytotoxic payload that disrupts microtubules or damages DNA, inducing apoptosis; Fc-mediated ADCC/CDC may contribute.