Autologous patient T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting glypican-2 (GPC2) for treatment of relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma and metastatic retinoblastoma; CAR engagement induces T-cell activation, cytokine release, and cytotoxic killing of GPC2-positive tumor cells, including stem-like compartments.
Autologous T cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor targeting glypican-2 (GPC2). CAR binding to GPC2 activates CD3zeta and costimulatory signaling, leading to T-cell activation, cytokine release, proliferation, and targeted cytotoxic killing of GPC2-positive tumor cells (neuroblastoma/retinoblastoma), including stem-like compartments.
YES
DIRECT
GPC2-specific CAR engagement activates T cells to kill GPC2-positive cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis and apoptosis pathways (e.g., Fas–FasL).
An antibody–drug conjugate consisting of a humanized anti–Trop-2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody linked to the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38; delivers SN-38 to Trop-2–expressing tumor cells to induce DNA damage and apoptosis and may enhance radiosensitivity.
Humanized anti–Trop-2 IgG1 antibody–drug conjugate linked to SN-38. After binding Trop-2 on tumor cells and internalization, SN-38 is released to inhibit topoisomerase I, stabilizing Topo I–DNA complexes, causing DNA breaks, blocking replication, and inducing apoptosis; may enhance radiosensitivity.
YES
DIRECT
Antibody–drug conjugate binds TROP2, is internalized, and releases SN-38 (topoisomerase I inhibitor), causing DNA damage, replication arrest, and apoptosis of the target cell.
An antibody-drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-CD22 IgG4 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; binds CD22 on B-cell blasts, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin to induce DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
Humanized anti-CD22 IgG4 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; after binding CD22 on B-cell blasts and internalization, the payload is released to bind the DNA minor groove, causing double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
YES
DIRECT
ADC binds CD22, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin that binds the DNA minor groove, causing double‑strand breaks and apoptosis of the target cell.
An antibody-drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-CD22 IgG4 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; binds CD22 on B-cell blasts, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin to induce DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
Humanized anti-CD22 IgG4 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin; after binding CD22 on B-cell blasts and internalization, the payload is released to bind the DNA minor groove, causing double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
NO
INDIRECT
The ADC targets CD22 on B cells, is internalized, and releases calicheamicin, which binds the DNA minor groove to cause double‑strand breaks and apoptosis. The DNA minor groove is not the targeting antigen.
Polyclonal antibody preparation that depletes T cells and provides immunosuppression.
Polyclonal anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin that binds multiple T-cell surface antigens and depletes T lymphocytes via complement-dependent lysis and Fc-mediated effector functions (ADCC/phagocytosis), resulting in broad immunosuppression.
YES
DIRECT
Anti-thymocyte globulin binds CD2 on T cells and induces complement-dependent lysis and Fc-mediated effector killing (ADCC/phagocytosis), depleting CD2+ cells.