A plasmid DNA therapeutic vaccine encoding a secreted, detoxified HPV16 E7 antigen fused to HSP70 to enhance dendritic-cell uptake and cross-presentation, priming HPV16-specific T-cell responses.
Plasmid DNA vaccine encoding a secreted, detoxified HPV16 E7 antigen fused to HSP70. After delivery, host cells express and secrete E7-HSP70, which enhances dendritic-cell uptake and cross-presentation, leading to MHC I/II presentation and priming of HPV16-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses.
NO
INDIRECT
The DNA vaccine secretes HPV16 E7-HSP70 to activate APCs and prime E7-specific CD8+ T cells; these CTLs kill HPV16 E7-expressing cells via perforin/granzyme. TLR2-expressing cells are not targeted for killing.
A live recombinant vaccinia viral vector vaccine expressing HPV16 E6/E7 antigens to boost HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity.
Live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HPV16 E6/E7 antigens. Following transient infection of antigen-presenting cells, E6/E7 are produced intracellularly and presented via MHC I and II, while vaccinia provides innate adjuvanticity (PRR activation). This boosts HPV16-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T-cell responses, enhancing cell-mediated immunity against HPV16-expressing cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccinia vaccine primes HPV16 E6–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize E6 peptides on MHC I of HPV16-expressing cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme (and Fas–FasL) pathways.
Anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate (T-DXd, DS-8201a) comprising trastuzumab linked to the topoisomerase I inhibitor deruxtecan (DXd); binds HER2, is internalized, and releases DXd to inhibit topo I and induce DNA damage, with a membrane-permeable payload enabling a bystander effect and potential ADCC via the Fc region.
Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab) conjugated to the topoisomerase I inhibitor deruxtecan (DXd). After binding HER2, the ADC is internalized and releases DXd, which inhibits topoisomerase I, causing DNA damage, replication arrest, and apoptosis; the membrane-permeable payload enables a bystander effect, and the Fc region can mediate ADCC.
YES
DIRECT
The ADC binds HER2, is internalized, and releases the topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd, causing DNA damage, replication arrest, and apoptosis; Fc-mediated ADCC and a membrane-permeable payload enable additional bystander killing.
A live recombinant vaccinia viral vector vaccine expressing HPV16 E6/E7 antigens to boost HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity.
Live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HPV16 E6/E7 antigens. Following transient infection of antigen-presenting cells, E6/E7 are produced intracellularly and presented via MHC I and II, while vaccinia provides innate adjuvanticity (PRR activation). This boosts HPV16-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T-cell responses, enhancing cell-mediated immunity against HPV16-expressing cells.
YES
INDIRECT
Vaccine-expressed HPV16 E7 is presented by APCs to prime E7-specific CD8+ T cells; these CTLs recognize E7 peptides on MHC I of HPV16+ cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme and Fas-mediated apoptosis.
A personalized neoantigen mRNA cancer vaccine designed to deliver patient-specific mRNA that is taken up by antigen-presenting cells, translated into neoantigen peptides, and presented via MHC I/II to prime CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses against tumor cells; administered by injection every 21 days (up to 9 cycles) after surgery alongside standard adjuvant therapy.
Personalized mRNA encoding patient-specific tumor neoantigens is injected and taken up by antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells). The mRNA is translated into neoantigen peptides that are processed and presented on MHC I and II, priming and expanding tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells expressing those neoantigens and establish immune memory.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine induces neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells that recognize the neoantigen peptide–MHC I complexes on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis (and Fas–FasL pathways).