Personalized autologous dendritic cell cancer vaccine pulsed with six glioblastoma tumor-associated antigen peptides; given intradermally to present HLA-A2–restricted epitopes and prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells against GBM.
Autologous dendritic cells loaded with six glioblastoma-associated peptides (AIM2, MAGE-1, TRP-2, gp100, HER2, IL-13Rα2) present these antigens via MHC (HLA-A2–restricted) to T cells, priming antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper responses that recognize and kill GBM cells expressing these TAAs, including stem-like tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
Dendritic cell vaccine presents gp100 peptide to T cells, priming gp100-specific CD8+ CTLs that recognize HLA-A2–presented gp100 epitopes on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and Fas–FasL).
Personalized autologous dendritic cell cancer vaccine pulsed with six glioblastoma tumor-associated antigen peptides; given intradermally to present HLA-A2–restricted epitopes and prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells against GBM.
Autologous dendritic cells loaded with six glioblastoma-associated peptides (AIM2, MAGE-1, TRP-2, gp100, HER2, IL-13Rα2) present these antigens via MHC (HLA-A2–restricted) to T cells, priming antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper responses that recognize and kill GBM cells expressing these TAAs, including stem-like tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The DC vaccine primes HER2-peptide–specific CD8+ T cells; these CTLs recognize HER2-derived epitopes on HLA-A2 on tumor cells and kill them via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis (and related apoptotic pathways).
Personalized autologous dendritic cell cancer vaccine pulsed with six glioblastoma tumor-associated antigen peptides; given intradermally to present HLA-A2–restricted epitopes and prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells against GBM.
Autologous dendritic cells loaded with six glioblastoma-associated peptides (AIM2, MAGE-1, TRP-2, gp100, HER2, IL-13Rα2) present these antigens via MHC (HLA-A2–restricted) to T cells, priming antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper responses that recognize and kill GBM cells expressing these TAAs, including stem-like tumor cells.
YES
INDIRECT
The vaccine’s dendritic cells prime IL-13Rα2-specific CD8+ T cells (HLA-A2–restricted), which recognize IL-13Rα2 peptides on tumor MHC I and kill target cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytolysis.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting CD5, enabling HLA-independent recognition and killing of CD5+ T-ALL cells via CD3ζ/costimulatory signaling, leading to T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity.
Autologous T cells engineered to express a CD5-specific chimeric antigen receptor bind CD5 on target cells in an HLA-independent manner; CAR signaling via CD3ζ and costimulatory domains activates the T cells, driving proliferation, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxic killing of CD5+ cells (including malignant T-ALL cells).
YES
DIRECT
CD5-specific CAR T cells bind CD5 and, upon CAR signaling, directly kill CD5+ cells via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity (and Fas/FasL pathways).
Autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy with a 4-1BB costimulatory domain; engineered CD4+/CD8+ T cells recognize CD19 and kill malignant B cells.
Autologous CD4+/CD8+ T cells engineered with an anti‑CD19 CAR containing a 4‑1BB costimulatory domain bind CD19 on malignant B cells, triggering T‑cell activation, expansion, cytokine release, and perforin/granzyme‑mediated cytotoxic killing.
YES
DIRECT
Anti‑CD19 CAR T cells bind CD19 on target cells, form an immune synapse, and induce death via perforin/granzyme release (and Fas/FasL signaling) following CAR activation.